Explain the Scientific Management Approach with reference to Henry Essay - 1

Explain the Scientific Management Approach with reference to Henry Fayol and Frederick Taylors principles of management - Essay Example tation of science was basically targeted at manufacturing industry and other regular responsibilities, in order to improve productivity and competence from top to lower echelon of leadership. On the one hand, Taylor suggests that the development of proven practices need to be anchored on comprehensive observation of business processes, and on thorough training and recruitment of the most qualified of workers, because by doing so, organizations will be guaranteed smoother processes and more profit (Maqbool, Zakariya, and Paracha, 2011). In light of this, Taylor summarised his approach in four principles namely: a) scientific creation of work processes; b) scientific selection and training of workers; c) enlightening workers on the benefits of scientific management; and d) specialization of employees (Taylor, 2013). All of these strategies are aimed at improving productivity and better gains in organizations. Taylor (2013) argues that developing a scientific system of work eases the measurement of employee output. With these analyses, positive adjustments could be affected to the equipment and workstation programs used by employees, which would eventually enhance efficiency and productivity of business. Scientific recruitment and preparation of workers to weather various workplace challenges helps to realign divergent employee aptitudes, and fit them to their respective job. In light of this, the role of management would translate in to selecting the most qualified of employees for a particular job, and training the candidates scientifically to enhance their productivity (Maqbool, Zakariya, and Paracha, 2011). For instance, a high school that is in need a graduate teacher specialised in specific subjects, would recruit such an individual from a pool of applicants, and train him or her on the best ways to relate well with students, fellow members of staff, parents, school clinicians and the immediate community to ensure they fit in the new workplace

Knowledge management Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Knowledge management - Annotated Bibliography Example d that KM is supported as a means of harnessing and utilizing intellectual resources to address challenges, as well as improving innovation, business performance and client approval. This paper aims at providing annotated bibliography for the topic of knowledge management. After careful selection, five articles have been found from the online library, and these have been discussed here in the paper. A common format has been used for summarizing the articles to be able to cover the major aspects of the paper. The main aim of the article is to identify the nature of the methodology employed by top business and management journals and to analyse the aspects that are considered while creation of the management knowledge. This article has used a very different approach and completes its sampling from the various other management articles that have been presented in the past. Based on this, the following information: Sample: A hundred and twenty articles have been chosen from leading management journals between the periods of 1991 to 2000.Instrument: Secondary Data collection (Desk Study) Analysis: The analysis of the article focuses on the characteristics of the authorship and also focuses on the research methodology adopted by the sample articles. The research findings clearly provides detailed explanation of the authorship profiles, where it has been found that majority of the contributors are senior academics and only as low as 6% of the total papers were actually by lecturers or assistant professors. The major contributors were the associate professors and the professors. The findings also find that majority of the authors were male with around 35% of the authors as female. This research although not directly related to the topic, proves to be very helpful and impactful in the field of research as in knowledge management. This article helps the students and the readers identify with a various set of important aspects like the reliability, and validity of the

Genetic Engineering of Animals: Benefits

Genetic Engineering of Animals: Benefits Animal genetic engineering has existed for thousands of years in the form of selective breeding. People have chosen desirable characteristics for appearance, survival traits, and other qualities in animals they wish to obtain in future offspring. They then bred these animals to selected mates in order to increase likelihood of offspring inheriting these desired traits. More recent definitions of genetic engineering define it as the manipulation or modification of the genetic code of selected animals to alter characteristics and to introduce certain desired traits by changing the cells genome. This can be done by adding to or deleted from DNA or substitution of certain genes. This form of manipulating DNA is a very new technology. This type of engineering was made possible over many years of research and significant findings that has led to what is now the understanding of DNAs structure, purpose, and properties. First studies of manipulation were conducted on bacteria such as E. Coli before animals were experimented with beginning in 1982 with mice. While genetic engineering is a new exciting and fascinating discovery for scientific research with unlimited range of possibilities, it raises moral and ethical concern. It is a highly controversial topic this day in age. Questions have been raised about the extent that animals can be treated to conditions and procedures considered to be unethical for humans. Debates regarding animals rights to not be inflicted with pain or caused suffering of the animal are considered against benefits for human interests. Many arguments about animals consciousness, self-awareness, cognitive and language capacity, morals, quality of life, and evolutionary status have been evaluated in hopes to find differences between humans and animals. If a moral standard could be clearly defined this could justify treating animals to extreme laboratory harms. There is a wide range of opinion regarding the weight that should be accounted to human and animal interests. At one ends of the bar there are what is called an absolutist positions, people that feel human benefits are always significantly more important to animal interests. The opposing view is that if it is certain experiments should not be conducted on humans, they should also not be conducted on animals. Within this group there are two sub categories of opinion. Some activists object to experiments which cause animals pain and suffering, while others object to all human uses of animals. In order to find common ground between the two extremes a strict set of research guidelines has been established to find morally but beneficial genetic engineering on animals. Some basic criteria for animal research are as follows. Animal housing and care are provided with proper food, water, and cleanliness. Discomfort, distress and pain are minimal using appropriate medication, and without unnecessary pain inflicted. Clear objectives and procedures are defined and carried out. All experiments using animals must undergo a protocol ethical review. Al l investigators that handle and use animals have to be appropriately trained and qualified to work with the animals. If it is necessary to administer euthanasia, is should be carried out according to good practice and used appropriately. The studies have to have a worthwhile beneficial outcome for human, animal, or medical use. Lastly the benefits of the study must justify and outweigh the harm done to the animal. Animal research is a necessary, highly beneficial to genetic research and can be ethical if conducted properly. There are a huge variety of benefits that genetic engineering in animals has provided not only for human uses but for animal gain as well as insight into evolution of species. The largest use of animals is for medical advancements. Most of the work done is applied to medical or biological research intending to understand gene function and regulation as well as study human or animal disease. Animals can be used to alter their DNA sequences to see the results. It is now known today many gene functions and causes of disorders from animal DNA analysis. The capability to replace or change single genes, or even delete them, can help investigate the natural functions of a gene, the mechanisms in the body that control it or affect it, and the relationship between genes and environmental factors. This information has provided insight to how genes function and ways to alter these genes in order to prevent diseases and disorders. The ability to investigate the genomes of mice has revealed proce sses where genes are turned on or off, and cell tissues become differentiated. Many different mouse genes have been altered to mimic human diseases are used in studying the mechanisms that the disorders are caused by, and are being used towards developing more effective treatments. Humans have greatly benefited from these findings especially in the advancements of treating diseases such as cancer. Drugs can also be tested on these genetically engineered animals to see how they will affect processes such as cell replication and destruction. These animals provide an unlimited range of knowledge and opportunity for new technology and advances in the medical field. Animal genetic engineering has also provided advances in the industrial world as well. Genetically modified farm animals were used in scientific research procedures for a range of potential and actual benefits. A better understanding of disease resistance in livestock has been found and can now be applied to other animals to produce more disease resistant livestock. Genetic modification of cows may production of milk with enhanced nutritional quality in the future. Farm animals have also been genetically modified to increase productivity, for example animal growth rate, wool quantity, or milk production. Genetic engineering has also been used to select for genetic factors associated with more viable characteristics of livestock as well as to make livestock more suitable for harsh factory farm conditions. These are just a few benefits animal engineering provides and many more will come in the future. Genetic engineering is made possible by the unique properties of DNA. DNA is a double stranded helical structured with nucleotide base pairs held together in the middle with hydrogen bonds. This weak form of bond allows the strands to separate to be replicated easily. DNA is tightly wound into chromosomes. Genes are formed by the different nucleotide sequencing on the DNA strand. These genes code for a certain trait in the organism. The genetic makeup of the organism is called the genotype; the physical or observable trait that they code for is called the phenotype. This phenotype might be an appearance, a survival characteristic, or more desirable quality for the species. Understanding of the structural and function properties of DNA allows researchers to isolate genes, and manipulate them in a variety of ways. There are numerous methods of genetic manipulation so I will only briefly discuss a few select types. DNA recombinant techniques use vectors such as plasmids and viruses that carry foreign genes into host cells. This method is most often used to alter bacterial genomes. The plasmid circles can be broken allowing new genetic material to be inserted in them. This is done by treating the bacteria and a specific gene with a restriction enzyme so ends of each will join with each other on contact. Plasmids with new genetic material can pass across the cells plasma membrane and insert the new genetic material into the bacteriums own genes. The bacteria will add the gene to its sequence and begin to produce the protein that it codes for. Viruses, which are infectious particles of genetic material, act similarly to plasmids as vectors in genetic engineering. The virus carries the gene into a host cell similar to plasmids. Researchers can choose the bacteria that have the new genes absorbed into them and use those bacteria to place the gene into the desired animal. Microinjection is a method that does not use biological vectors of plasmids and viruses. This method involves injecting genetic material with new genes into the recipient cell. When the cell is large enough, like many animal cells, the process can be done with a glass needle. After the injected genes find the host cells DNA sequence they can incorporate themselves into the strand. This is one of the simplest methods of gene manipulation. Bioballistics is a method that use metal slivers to carry the genetic material to the inside of the cell. The small metal pieces are coated with genetic material. It injects the pieces into the cell using a gun like apparatus. A perforated metal plate stops the cartridge, but the small pieces are allowed to pass through into the living cells. Inside the cell, the genetic material is carried to the nucleus and is incorporated into the cells genes. The cells take up the gene are programmed to replicate it. This is the most successful way for the insertion of genes into plant cells but can but can be used in animals as well. Genes are chemical compounds, so they can be manipulated in the same way as other chemical compounds can be manipulated. DNA molecules are large and complex, so the task of manipulation is extremely difficult. However, chemists know techniques in order to cut molecules apart and then put them back together very carefully with high technological instruments. This procedure is known as gene splicing. This method of gene splicing can happen naturally in cells during such processes as division or repair. Cells take genes apart, rearrange their material, and put them back together in a new sequence or arrangement. Discoveries show that cells have certain enzymes that can disassemble DNA molecules and put reassemble them again. Such as endonucleases which are enzymes that can cut a DNA molecule at some given sequence location. Another example is exonucleases are enzymes that can remove one nitrogen base from the DNA stand. A third type is ligases that are enzymes that can join two DNA segm ents back together. Researchers can use knowledge from these natural methods to artificially alter genes using tools such as submicroscopic scissors and glue. With these they can rearranged one or more DNA molecules by cutting them apart, reordering them, and the put back together again. There are so much undiscovered possibilities in genetic engineering that it is nearly impossible to predict what the future can hold. Some potential fields of research are more advances with stem cell research, advances in replacement organs grown form cells, new genetically altered fetuses. There will be more treatment methods for diseases as well as preventions by gene alterations. The possibilities are endless and there is a lot of research being conducted that is not even published yet. Genetic engineering in animals is of particular interest to me because my family has been in the business of genetic alterations for over thirty years through selective breeding. We own a livestock farm, raising sheep and goats primarily for livestock judging competitions, but as well as for milk production and wool production. Every year we attend approximately twenty fairs or shows throughout New England to have our animals evaluated against competition to be critiqued for desirable qualities and structure based on the ideal species score card. The judge places these animals based on which animal contains the most desirable combination of traits. In order for my family to obtain quality animals we must carefully take into consideration each judges review of the animal in order to select a mate that will compliment its strength and has a high likelihood of improving flaws in the offspring. It is a long and tedious process to improve quality of the show herd; it takes years of trial and error to find suitable mates to produce the desirable offspring. Having an understanding of how genes are inherited allows for us to choose a male mate for our females by examining his offspring and seeing the ratios of how many have the trait we are looking for and estimating if there will be a high likelihood we could obtain the trait as well. We also look at the males parents to see what the parental generation had for phenotypic traits. Although we do not use high genetic methods to create our genetically engineered livestock it is a careful science that takes years of practice in order to know how to find a mating that will give us an increase in desirable traits in order to continue to do as well as we do on the show circuits. Here is a small anecdote to show my interest in this topic: when I first took a genetics class in high school I learned how to calculate genotypes using the punnett square. This interested me so much I sat down and tried to draw a pedigree to pr edict the genotypes of my black versus white sheep and the likelihood of each of their genetic make ups based on their parents and the offspring they have produced. I was able to determine white is recessive to black and which sheep were heterozygous or homozygous for many of them. Selective breeding is a very important method for my familys business without it there would be a lot of difficulty maintaining and improving the high quality livestock show herd we have. Genetic engineering in animal species has come a long way from simple matings to complex technology manipulating genomes. There are benefits including medical advances for humans, disease prevention for animals, and industrial production gains. These benefits can be obtained as long as the research stays within the set ethical guidelines. There are many methods to alter the DNA sequence such as recombinants with vectors and plasmids, microinjections, bioballistics, and gene splicing. Genetic engineering will continue to advance and hold great promise for opportunity for future advances. Work cited Boyd Group. 1999. Genetic engineering: animal welfare and ethics. Retrived15. Nov. 2010.  http://www.boyd-group.demon.co.uk/genmod.htm Monaco, Michael. Genetic Engineering in Animals. Retrieved 14, Nov. 2010.  http://www.govhs.org/vhsweb/Gallery.nsf/Files/Genetic+Engineering,+a+group+project/$file/animal.html Van Eenennaam, Allison. Genetic Engineering and Animals Agriculture. University of  California. Retrived 15, Nov. 2010. http://ucanr.org/freepubs/docs/8184.pdf Union of Concerned Scientists. Genetic Engineering Techniques. 2003. Retrieved 15, Nov.  2010. http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/science/genetic-engineering-techniques.html West, Chad. 2006. Economics and Ethics in Genetic Engineering of Animals. Harvard  Journal of Law and Technology. Retrieved 15, Nov. 2010.  http://jolt.law.harvard.edu/articles/pdf/v19/19HarvJLTech413.pdf

Harley davidson analysis Essay -- essays research papers

1. COMPANY OVERVIEW Harley Davidson Inc. was found in 1903 by William S. Harley and Davidson brothers- Walter and Arthur. Since then the company has produced the most recognized motorcycles in the world. The company has been named to Fortune’s list of â€Å"100 Best Companies to work for†. The company has also been ranked #3 in automotive quality behind Rolls-Royce and Mercedes Benz by Harris Interactive, a worldwide market research and consulting firm. Harley-Davidson, Inc. is the parent company for the group of companies namely Harley-Davidson Motor Company, Buell Motorcycle Company and Harley-Davidson Financial Services. Harley-Davidson Motor Company, the only major U.S.-based motorcycle manufacturer, produces heavyweight motorcycles and offers a complete line of motorcycle parts, accessories, apparel, and general merchandise. Buell Motorcycle Company produces sport motorcycles. Harley-Davidson Financial Services provides wholesale and retail financing and insurance programs to Harley-Davidson dealers and customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeffrey L. Bleustein is chairman of the board and CEO of Harley Davidson Inc..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are more than 1,300 Harley-Davidson dealerships in 48 countries worldwide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The company has employed 8,000 people worldwide and the corporate headquarters located in Milwaukee, Wis; East Toy and Tomawauk, Wis; York Pa; and Kansas City, Mo. Other key business operations are located in Chicago, III.; Franklin, Wis.; Talladega, Ala; Highland Heights, Ohio; Ann Arbor, Mich.; Carson City, Nev.; and Plano, Tex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harley-Davidson maintains operation in strategic international markets throughout Europe, and in Brazil and Japan to support its worldwide dealer and distributor network. Source of revenues for Harley Davidson : -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Selling motorcycles -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harley Davidson financial service -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parts and accessories 2. VISION, MISSION AND GOALS Vision To dedicate, to grow value and strengthen the brand, Harley-Davidson deliver products and deliver the services that fulfill dreams. Mission To fulfill dreams through the experiences of motorcycling by providing motorcycles and to the general public an expanding line of motorcycles... ...buyers (increased from 2% total sales before adopting to 9% in 2003). The company found that woman more likely to purchase after taking training course   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Financial service to make it more affordable Operations The company’s expansion plan of its York and Pennsylvania expects to allow the company to increase production to 400,000 units by 2007. Distribution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through dealerships   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Showrooms offer a large assortment of clothing items and accessories in addition to new motorcycles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dealers are responsible for operating showrooms, stock parts and accessories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  161 dealers in Japan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50 dealers and 3 distributors in Australia and New Zealand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 dealers in South East Asian and East market. Infrastructure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public listed company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quality system   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategy & planning are not clear

Meaning of Working Capital Essay

Working capital refers to the part of total capital which is required for day to day working of the business. The funds are required by the business for conducting its regular operations such as purchase of raw materials of finished goods, payment of wages & manufacturing expenses, office and administrative expenses, selling & distribution expenses. The funds necessary for making such regular payments of business is called Working Capital therefore have been defined as â€Å"the amount of funds necessary to cover cost of operating the enterprise.† The working capital of a business enterprise is measured on the basis of its funds locked up in various current assets such as inventors, accounts receivables and cash & bank balance. 2.2 Definition of Working Capital– Various authorities have difined working capital in following manner. (1)â€Å"Working Capital is the amount of funds necessary to cover the cost of operating the buisness enterprise.â€Å"(Shuibn) (2)â€Å"Working Capital is the difference between the book value of the current assets.and the current liablities.â€Å"(Hoagland) 2.3 Circulating Capital– â€Å"Circulating capital means current assets of accompany that are changed in the ordinary course of business from into another, as for example from cash to inventories, inventories to receivables and receivables into cash.† Cash Raw Receivables Materials Finished goods Work-in-progress 2.4. Classification of Working Capital – 1. Gross Working Capital5. Variable Working Capital 2. Net Working Capital 6. Balance Sheet Working Capital 3. Negative Working Capital 7. Cash Working Capital 4. Permanent Working Capital 2.5. Sources of Working Capital- The following are the some important of the sources of working capital.

The US Financial Crisis: A personal Revelation

After the Second World War, no one ever though that the father of democracy and the most developed nation in the world would ever be affected by a crisis arising from financial issues.   The growth of US and its position as a world power was due to the central role it played in the world war and the developments it made thereafter.Feared by its enemies and respected by its allies, the US was and still is the envy of all nations.   Though still the most developed nation and a financial power, the 2008 crisis which was a result of a combination of factors including a fall of sub prime, failure of financial establishments, high oil prices, unbearable rates of inflation and the failure of major industries.The order presented is quite similar to the actual events though there were considerable overlaps.   The US economy is badly affected, many jobs have been lost and to deal with the effects o the crisis the US will need to develop robust economic strategies.Any normal society can b e divided into two major categories: the poor and the rich.   This is a categorisation whose basis is resource ability and influence is a true depiction of the reality on the ground.   Happiness is assumed to be directly related to financial ability and all that most people seek in their lives is resource empowerment.   A look at the US shows that the cause of failure of its system arose from a single cause which multiplied.   If one should fall into the temptation that the route to happiness is amassing wealth at all cost, then they are just as gullible to failure for such an approach was the reason behind failure of sub prime mortgages.Even the rich in the society have their own problem which may even be greater than those of the poor; a third world nation is less likely to be faced by a crisis of such magnitude.When one is developing his riches, he should ensure that he develops other support systems for in reality the quest for money has no clear correlation to happiness .   Happiness is a state of mind and one cannot justify that by being rich he will live his life a happy person for as at now both Americans and Iraqis are suffering.The US case has been a personal revelation on the nature of life and what does entail.   Life is complex and success does not guarantee one will live a trouble free life.   The resilience that the Americans have shown in the face of adversity should be adopted by all people journeying through life.   The knowledge that all are susceptible to challenges is important in generating hope which is central in to the entire recovery process.The US approach to the crisis is a jewel to behold.   The US acknowledged it had a crisis and took relevant measures that did not necessarily involve the help of other nation rather the mechanisms implemented internally developed systems to deal with the crisis.Call it the personal will to deal with a problem or having the ability to; either one should never ignore their problems but should acknowledge that a problem exist and take relevant measure to deal with the problem. Screaming for help is not always the best approach to dealing with personal problems for we all have infinite personal ability that we must develop in times of plenty and emplo

Nano Case Study Essay Example

Nano Case Study Essay Example Nano Case Study Essay Nano Case Study Essay The story. Tata is India’s oldest and largest private sector business entity. Founded in 1868, the group now consists of more than 100 companies, with a turnover of more than $70bn. It has a wide range of interests, with companies trading in fields as diverse as steel, cars and trucks, chemicals, IT consultancy, retailing and hotels. The Tata group is highly decentralised, and member companies have great autonomy in terms of strategy and operations.The main instrument for unifying the group is the Tata corporate brand, which embodies values that are shared by all companies in the group. However, not all the companies use the corporate brand in the same way. Many, such as Tata Beverages and Tata Motors, use the name and logo explicitly. However, even in India some companies in the group, such as Trent and Taj Hotels, do not use the Tata name. Taj Hotels also has its own brand mark. This inconsistency is seen by the Tata group as less important than adherence to the group’s values.It was originally founded for the purpose of creating and spreading wealth in order to strengthen the Indian nation and economy. The challenge. Before 1991 the Tata group had few interests in the world outside India. Its brand identity was very strongly Indian, rooted in India’s culture and history. However, Ratan Tata, the group’s leader, believed this had to change. He felt that Tata’s future lay outside India, and that it should aspire to become a global company. But could a company with such a strong Indian identity succeed in establishing a global brand? And if so, what would be the disadvantages?There were – and still are – many in India who believed that the process of globalisation would change Tata and damage its values, turning it into just another big company that would be concerned only with profit. Others outside India wondered – and some still do – if western consumers in particular would really accept the Tata brand. Stepping out of India. Individual Tata companies began making small acquisitions outside India in the late 1990s. The first big acquisition was that of Tetley Tea, one of Britain’s leading tea brands, by Tata Tea (now Tata Beverages) in 2000.This acquisition went almost unnoticed. Later acquisitions, such as those of steelmaker Corus by Tata Steel in 2007 and Jaguar Land Rover by Tata Motors in 2008, were much more high-profile. Since 2005, there has been a steady stream of acquisitions in Europe, Asia and North America. The pragmatic approach. Tata’s approach to handling the new acquisitions has been pragmatic. Conventional corporate branding theory suggests that all acquisitions should be branded with the corporate brand name and mark.GE, for example, applies the GE brand across the board to all new ventures and all new acquisitions. But Tata faced different pressures, and had to respond in a different way. The group had simultaneously to reassure its stakeholders in India that it was not about to abandon its traditional values in favour of global growth, and to reassure stakeholders in the companies it was acquiring outside India that their favourite brands would not be spoilt. Varied responses. In some sectors, Tata follows conventional wisdom.In 2010, after some hesitation, Tata Steel finally rebranded Corus as Tata Steel Europe. By common consent, Corus was not a particularly strong brand, and few mourned its passing. Even so, there was some worry at Tata Steel as to what impact this rebranding might have on Corus’s reputation – and on that of Tata Steel in India, where there was concern over events such as the mothballing of the Corus plant at Redcar in the north-east of England, with some observers questioning whether Tata Steel was still a caring employer.Only after long thought did the move go ahead. In contrast, Tetley has been part of the Tata group for 10 years, yet the Tetley brand remains independent in terms of its identity. A single discreet line on the packaging reminds consumers they are buying a Tata product. It might be thought that tea, being Indian in origin, could benefit from association with a celebrated Indian brand. But Tetley’s customers resolutely see it as British, and rebranding might compromise its image and reputation in their eyes.The same is even more strongly the case with Jaguar and Land Rover, where Tata Motors has bluntly rejected the suggesti on of rebranding either with the Tata name. These are old and famous brands, and Tata Motors thinks rebranding would destroy value. Conclusions. Tata only rebrands its acquisitions when it is clear that such a rebranding will add value. This is not what conventional wisdom suggests. But a look at the group’s performance, even through a deep recession, suggests the pragmatic approach has worked in this case. | See more at: tata. com/company/Media/inside.

Boston Massacre- Analysis of Accounts essays

Boston Massacre- Analysis of Accounts essays Little is known about the events of March fifth, 1770 at the front of the Boston Commons House. The end results and a few accounts give an overview of what occurred, but the details of this tragic day are uncertain. All that is confidently known is that a British sentry struck an offensive boy leading to a gathering of protesting Bostonians. The sentry called for reinforcements and the situation escalated to the point that a soldier fired a single shot, soon followed by the shots of his fellows. Five Bostonians died, six were wounded, and the officer and his soldiers got off with minor punishments. Though little is known for certain, through a study of the testimonies of Captain Preston and witnesses for the prosecution and defense, the events of the Boston Massacre can be reconstructed. Prestons testimony begins with the gathering mob, as that was when he arrived on the scene. He claims that the mob was taunting, threatening, and assaulting the soldiers with sticks and snowballs. He also claims that he did not give the order to fire, and reports that his soldiers heard the crowd yelling fire and mistook that as an order from him. All of this is corroborated in testimony for both the defense and prosecution. However, other portions of his testimony are not supported. He reports that the mob advanced to the points of the bayonets, and made a general attack upon the soldiers with clubs and snowballs. Though some of the prosecutions witnesss testimony is likely false, truths may be obtained as well. Hinkley, Wyatt, and Burdick all admit that snowballs and at least one stick were thrown at the soldiers from a distance before the first shot was fired, while only Fosdick denies it. Because of this it is reasonable to assume that Fosdick was either lying or in an unsuitable position to give accurate testimony. Hinkley, Cunningham, and Bliss all report that they did no...

Madison is in US News World Report’s Top 10 Best Places to Launch a Second Career

Madison is in US News World Report’s Top 10 Best Places to Launch a Second Career On September 16, 2010, the US News and World Report published a list of the Top 10 Best Places to Launch a Second Career.   I was thrilled to see Madison on the list, as  it has been my experience that this city is indeed a great place to start over. I came to Madison in October 2008 knowing one person and having only a part time job (law school admissions consultant for Kaplan Test Prep Admissions) to keep me afloat.   I obtained some additional part time jobs along the way, and two years later, I have what is starting to be a thriving business.   I have met an incredible community of business owners here at regular and diverse networking events.   I have made friends both through social circles and business circles.   I even worked part time for over a year at the University of Wisconsin Law School, where I  got a job in the midst of a hiring freeze. Plus this city is beautiful.   Where else could I walk down the street for any of the following:   a swim in the lake, a yoga class, a Thai dinner, a household item from the hardware store, and fresh local produce from the food coop or farmers market? I agree wholeheartedly that Madison Wisconsin is a great place to launch a career.   I can see why people dont want to leave I plan to stay put for a long time! Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinSeptember 30, 2010 6 Comments Diane Kern says: October 1, 2010 at 2:36 am I love Mad Town. I spent many summers there at music camp. Feeling its time for a visit after reading this. Thanks Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 1, 2010 at 10:06 pm Do come and visit Diane! Log in to Reply Michael says: October 3, 2010 at 3:14 pm I remember visiting Madison many times in the mid-80s when I was dating someone long distance. What a beautiful city it was and I am sure it is even more so now. Loved all the diversity and the accepting feeling there too! The people were really nice and the whole city had a great charm about it, yet was very metropolitan. Just saw that the unemployment is in the 5s, so even better!! Thanks for sharing! Michael Log in to Reply Laine D says: October 3, 2010 at 5:22 pm Sounds like a place I need to put on my list, definitely has more seasons than Arizona. Can you recommend the best time of year to visit. Laine D. https://www.ThoughtsfromABroad.net Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 3, 2010 at 6:02 pm Hi Laine, yes we have a lot more variety season-wise than Arizona! I personally love the fall with all the colors and the crisp air. Summertime is probably the most popular time since we have lakes and bike paths and hiking trails (with attendant mosquitoes unfortunately). There are also many music festivals in town throughout the summer. Springtime brings blooming trees, and of course if you like the cold and snow or are a skiier maybe youd like the winter! What are your favorite things to do? The best time to visit would be determined by that! Log in to Reply Paul Novak says: October 7, 2010 at 3:33 am Congratulations on having made a good hometown choice for yourself. Ive lived all up and down the East Coast and as yet have not been happy with my location. Im currently living in Fla and cannot wait to pack up and head out. This time however I have done some research and visiting first and have settled on N.C. I can only hope I end up as happy with my choice. Log in to Reply

Applicability of the Principles of Empowerment and Recovery of the Essay - 1

Applicability of the Principles of Empowerment and Recovery of the Mentally Ill in Practice - Essay Example One afternoon, a man in his late 20s was brought in for medical attention. For the purpose of confidentiality, we shall name him Andrew. Andrew could not keep still and he kept on moving from one point to another, talking to imaginary people. The people who brought him to the hospital were his colleagues at work, who claimed that he had become very hostile, attacking everyone at the office and accusing them of trying to ruin his life. They claimed that he had also started talking to himself and repeatedly saying â€Å"they want to kill me†. Andrew was immediately taken to the psychiatrist ward for examination, while I was instructed to get more information about his actions from his colleagues. The workmates told me that in last few months, they had observed some abnormal behavior in their colleague, but had dismissed the actions. For example, he would show up at work late, looking tired and had started withdrawing from his workmates. They also claimed that he could no longer meet deadlines and that he often did substandard work. After the discussion with the patients’ colleagues, I called his family before going to check on the progress of the patient.The psychiatrist informed me that they had sedated him to ease his agitation. I explained to him all the observances noted by Andrew’s colleagues and the doctor suspected that this could be a case of schizophrenia. As we were talking, Andrew’s wife and sister came in looking very worried. The doctor explained the patient’s condition to them and asked them to offer any information.

Easyjet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Easyjet - Assignment Example Here, the application of innovation to Easy-Jet is analyzed in the following sections of this report. The logo of turning Europe orange is much more than a logo for Easy-Jet; it is the vision to which the airlines moves by means of its various lines of businesses – airlines being the case under consideration in this report. Easy-Jet is all about innovation and creativity; in a business where services are rather homogenous in nature, the cost advantage mainly belongs to the old names of the industry since they break-even at a much earlier time, causing issues to the new entrants. Otherwise, the competition remains cut-throat because the technology in the airlines industry is fairly replicable, and does not stay as a competitive advantage for a longer period of time. Subsequently, the importance of innovation and creativity rises as a major source of gaining the competitive advantage in the arena. There is substantial evidence in the research to reveal the fact that the strategy planned by the firm is well defined, and has goals and strategies defined in a manageable mode. The preliminary action is to define the target market which is technically the leisure seeking travelers – as described by the corporate management of the business. Gradually, the firm is also targeting the business travelers, but the major source of revenue or the larger chunk are the leisure travelers. Alongside establishing precise target market, it is also critical to attain the network of key airports that are the major requirements for catering to the leisure class travelers since this category prefers airlines that picks them from their home town and drops them to their destiny. Along the similar lines, Easy-Jet has linked and formed networks across the key airports in Europe and the major population in the same region. Extending the same towards the frequency of flights develops

Intervention in Personal Finance for Medical Residents Essay

Intervention in Personal Finance for Medical Residents - Essay Example The seminar on financial planning gave an overview on personal finance (income and spending), debt management, taxes, insurance, and retirement savings. A key information given during the seminar was on retirement plans available during residency, that residents have a choice either on going with the retirement account provided by the university (automatic enrollment) or county hospital (not automatic) or opt to invest in mutual funds, university-managed or from a mutual fund service company. For the study, 52 or 84% out of 62 internal medicine interns of the University of California-San Francisco attended the 90-minute seminar. Immediately before the seminar, they were given a test assessing their financial literacy as well as a pre-intervention survey. After the seminar, the interns filled up the post-intervention survey, asking their opinion on whether such seminar was valuable or not. In May 2004, two to ten months later, the residents were asked to complete the change allocation survey. Only 25 residents out of the 46 who responded attended the seminar. Findings and implications: On financial literacy, the average score was 40% of a 20-question

Bussiness plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bussiness plan - Research Paper Example This is a leading factor for the adaptation of technologies and products that lead to the recycling of by-products from the environment. The recyclable compactor is something which the targeted markets will adapt. The reason for this is because those components that are considered as wastes can be compacted in a way that will make them easily disposable or easily adaptable to recycling. Growth Potential The market for the product is in the process of picking up. The main reason for this is because people are continually looking for ways through which wastes can be disposed in a better way. The whole concept is also new altogether. Initially people have been so much used to the idea of just having a regular bin for disposal of wastes. However, in the recent past contemporary and better methods are being adapted for all activities that are associated with waste disposal. This is a fact which will make the growth of the market something which will pick up in the near future. Associated Risks The positivity which is associated with this market is something which cannot be mentioned without looking at the negatives. There are also some potential risks which are associated with this product. The first risk which is easily identifiable is that of rejection by a significant part of the targeted market. ... Marketing Channels Various businesses use different approaches in the course of their marketing. It is imperative to note that the method, which is to be used, is largely dependent on the expansive market. The financial outlay is something which will influence the methods of advertising and marketing. The first thing, which is rather noteworthy, is to gain an understanding of these international markets. Thorough analysis has to be undertaken before the firm can even think of venturing into these markets. A feasibility study regarding the success of the business has to be done. This is particularly pertinent as it will serve to point out whether the business will stand a chance of success in the new market. This is as opposed to going blindly into these markets without prior knowledge. There are new and emerging trends, which business are employing in the course of their marketing. In this case, the first one which cannot go without mention, is the use of the internet. Firms have com e to realize that as opposed to the internet being only a source of information, it has stood out to be a highly effective tool when it comes to marketing. The main reason for this is because, through the internet a large audience can also be reached. This is a sort of strategy which has proven to be rather effective since to a greater extent it is cost-effective on the part of the business. At the same time, it is rather easy for the consumer to access this form of advertising beating in mind the wide internet usage in the present time. Delivery Methods There are a number of methods of delivery which can be looked at depending on the location of the customer. The markets in this case are in South and North America. The

Comprehensive Argument Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comprehensive Argument Analysis - Coursework Example Finally she opposes the National Council for Adoption’s statistics for numbers of potential adoptive parents by suggests they might even be including Hilary Clinton amongst them. Exaggerated statements of this kind indicate a clear bias against the trustworthiness of the National Council for Adoption. The author suggests that encouraging people to choose adoption would involve coercion and bullying, using the 1950s as her example. However she fails to give real and concrete examples of how this would happen today. She fails to explore the possibility that adoption rates could be improved by greater availability of information and establishing it not as a shameful choice but one which a woman could be happy to make. Her argument is therefore very vague. I do not find this source credible. The tone is too bombastic and the author sets herself up as too opposed to the government to give her arguments credibility. She also attacks opposition statistics without providing any of her own to make a strong opposing case. The premises are that the statistics cited by the National Adoption Council (which argues that 1-2 million Americans want to adopt) are flawed. This is because the National Adoption Council includes in this figure anyone who even phones to enquiry about adoption. She concludes that the figure is ‘bound to be’ much smaller using the premise that only 2,193 Chinese baby girls were adopted by Americans in 1995 I believe the author’s premise that not all people who phone for information can be considered as serious adoptive parents is sound and so the statistics for potential adoptive parents is over-stated. However because she does not provide a statistical source of her own she has no way of knowing whether the ‘true’ figure would meet the demand or not. Her citation of Chinese girls adoptions to support her case is also weak and a non sequitur. A white couple may not want to

British industrial relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

British industrial relations - Essay Example lective bargaining can force employers to deal with labour as a collective identity, rather than isolated individuals and so, secure better the terms and condition of employment. Nevertheless, in 1979when the conservative party won the election, everything changed. The new government used a lot measures to restrict the role of trade unions. In addition, it introduced an enterprise culture in which individuals and organisations, rather than government, were to be held responsible for economic performance. Thus, as well as rejecting the maintenance of full employment as a major policy objective, they in effect abandoned the commitment of their predecessors to voluntary collective bargaining as the most effective method of determining pay and conditions. Then, there was a total break with the old work patterns but an explanation of this will be the economical context. In fact, after the war, there was a period of reconstruction that engendered a lot of work; manufacturing was the backbone of the economy, it was a period of full employment. After that, there was a wave of privatisation, many companies became multinationals, and there was an internationalisation o f business. Because Britain is the candle of industrialisation, the British employment relations system has a long history. It is extremely important as it's the FIRST system in the modern sense and thus other ER systems such as Australia's, has been 'modelled' on it (Marchington et al. 2004 p36). For example, many percent trade unions can trace their roots back to this mid-19th century or earlier in Britain. The legislations and rules of employment relations in many countries are also modelled on the Britain's. As a result, studying the British employment relation system can help to know the history of the ER... The aim of this essay will be to access and explain the management of British employment relationship and then derive lessons concerning the management of the employment relationship from the study of the operation, structure and effectiveness of systems of the employment relations in Britain. This essay will then give a description of the recent management of the British Industrial Relations system in Britain and discuss the future of British Industrial Relations System. The British industrial relations system has a long history and has gone through much change in recent years. Industrial relations are also known as employee relations. There are three phases in the evolution of employee relations since the end of the World War II, the third one being the partnership approach. Until 1979 (date of the election of the Conservative Party), work relations were based on collective bargaining and collective agreement aiming to determine and regulate, in varying degrees, the terms on which individuals will be employed (Flanders 1968 p35), with a strong voluntarism encouraged massively and informally.Since the early days of the Industrial Revolution, from 1760-1830 progress, innovation and growth in every field of human endeavour have served to transform industry, economics and society. The British system of industrial relations has often been considered as being as voluntarist, by which is generally meant the abstaining of the state from direct interference in the managing industrial relations

Comprehensive Argument Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comprehensive Argument Analysis - Coursework Example Finally she opposes the National Council for Adoption’s statistics for numbers of potential adoptive parents by suggests they might even be including Hilary Clinton amongst them. Exaggerated statements of this kind indicate a clear bias against the trustworthiness of the National Council for Adoption. The author suggests that encouraging people to choose adoption would involve coercion and bullying, using the 1950s as her example. However she fails to give real and concrete examples of how this would happen today. She fails to explore the possibility that adoption rates could be improved by greater availability of information and establishing it not as a shameful choice but one which a woman could be happy to make. Her argument is therefore very vague. I do not find this source credible. The tone is too bombastic and the author sets herself up as too opposed to the government to give her arguments credibility. She also attacks opposition statistics without providing any of her own to make a strong opposing case. The premises are that the statistics cited by the National Adoption Council (which argues that 1-2 million Americans want to adopt) are flawed. This is because the National Adoption Council includes in this figure anyone who even phones to enquiry about adoption. She concludes that the figure is ‘bound to be’ much smaller using the premise that only 2,193 Chinese baby girls were adopted by Americans in 1995 I believe the author’s premise that not all people who phone for information can be considered as serious adoptive parents is sound and so the statistics for potential adoptive parents is over-stated. However because she does not provide a statistical source of her own she has no way of knowing whether the ‘true’ figure would meet the demand or not. Her citation of Chinese girls adoptions to support her case is also weak and a non sequitur. A white couple may not want to

Primordial Sound Meditation Essay Example for Free

Primordial Sound Meditation Essay Donna Miesbach opens the lecture asking if anyone participates in meditation. Her knowledge begins for her at the age of 17. The passion she emits when teaching primordial sound meditation is evident with the discussion she leads. Informative about Dr. Deepka Chopa making the Vedic tradition of India available and able to read to many people. Bringing meditation back into society. Meditation can be described as entering a state of complete awareness. Meditation is about oneself; you with your mind. A place you can fulfill your purpose, get in tune with your soul, no stress, anxiety or fear. Meditation relieves stress and helps to remember self wholeness. It rejuvenates the cells to wake up, relaxes the physical, mental and energy body, introduces serenity, bliss and clarity all while bringing balance to every area of life. Meditation is stated as a three step process. The basis starts with our state of mind.; many thoughts stimulate and stress our emotional, mental, energy and physical bodies. The meditation station describes the normal state of mind of not being normal but abnormal with effects of receiving sensory stimuli that react in uncontrolled ways. Also that our thoughts can be opposing of each other, thoughts that bring warm, cuddly, relaxed emotions can also initiate fear, anxiety and paranoia. A tool used to transition thru meditation is Mantra, defined as man=mind and tra=instrument so as a whole Instrument of the mind The first step of meditation is gaining control over our mind, to concentrate. All effects are directly or indirectly in all areas of the body and mind. Concentration derived from the Latin words To Center or fixed center point offers mental influence and mental imaging, looking at the word as a whole can be further defined as bring to a common point. and the act or state of bringing to a fixed point or focus. With concentration you are bringing the highest forms of energy, power and forces to a focus point , keeping it from dissolving over multiple areas. Focused concentration can be difficult to achieve with current lifestyle, duties of family, work, school, schedules, appointments all correlate to keep the mind restless. With the obstacles of swirling thoughts, applying the control of voluntary attention and exercising self will are key to facilitate ones control of attention and will . Practicing paying attention to concentration, you gain the experience to exercise your will to just be witness to any distracting thoughts that populate; instead of using imagination or daydreams in lieu of concentrating on the object of your meditation. So primarily the goal in the first area of meditation is to concentrate, provide un forced attention and focus on one object whether its a personalized mantra, a saying, chant or actual object. The next step instructed is mind and body connection and silencing of the mind best known as Meditation. In meditation the attention is unbroken, effortless, a steady flow of concentration. The focused attention is also applied to the object of meditation and the state of meditation that initiates deeper and deeper concentration which then proclaims true knowledge, universal awareness and can begin to restore balance. You become connected to feelings, sensations and everything connected to that object. Best quoted is Albert Einstein Everything in the universe is relative to everything else This deep concentration and connection ultimately brings your meditation to connect you to everything; uniting your object and your mind. The final step of meditation occurs in the state of contemplation and ultimate consciousness. The experience of not being conscious of just our body and thoughts but being part of the universe and cosmos. Some imply it is a birthright and destiny to attune to this state of realization, truth, consciousness and bliss. You become connected to the universe as it is connected to you in a simple, spontaneous action. Nothing is forced, what happens is what is supposed to happen. Meditation takes practice. Overall patience and understanding to accomplish the deepest form of meditation requires you to have the abilities of focusing on an object, reject unwanted/unwarranted thoughts not related to the object, promoting the power to controlled thoughts, the capacity to stop them, comprehension to separate ones self from thoughts, and all is done to master and achieve a silent mind. This deep state of meditation refers to the silent mind as a powerful experience. A silent mind is related to being alert and sensitive to surroundings, compassionate towards others, removing harmful notions from the mind, judgments, rejection, hatred, anger, jealousy and any thought process that is implying one of being wrapped in ones own confusions. Primordial sound mediation is best explained as a healing practice. Experience inner peace and it reminds oneself of our essence, improves inspiration, compassion, love, health, enthusiasm and creativity in daily living and relations. Primordial sounds consist of basic, essential sounds and vibrations from nature. Mantras are primordial sounds that are depicted from the Vedic mathematics, which determine the exact sound or vibrations developed using the date, time and location of a persons birth. If used correctly to influence the quieting of the mind, you can fall into meditation easier and faster. The mantra guides you from levels of clustered thought activities, to complete silence. You are no longer affected by internal commotion and are able to in-tune to true, and peaceful awareness of the universe. This allows the mind, physical body and energy network that supports and sustains the physical body ability to function at maximum effectiveness. Mantra deepens meditation, it blesses our lives with the universe ,provides true knowledgeable wealth of the soul, gives a roadmap to heightened awareness and clears, relaxes, and rejuvenates the body.. There are many types, forms and ways of meditation. All meditation types possess the ability to restore physical, mental and emotional self well being. The fact that we use roughly 5% of our minds substantiates the importance of relaxing beyond the busyness and ciaos. Other meditation can include walking, simple, mindfulness, journey, vibrational and central channel meditation, all techniques allow anyone to incorporate and fit into their lifestyle. The tasks of the present day insist that people are more human doings with the constant feeling of needing to be doing something or going somewhere, always doing. We need to be referring to ourselves as human beings so it incorporates the importance of attention, concentration, self peace and we are just beings; here to be!

Durkheims Theory of Suicide

Durkheims Theory of Suicide Suicide is a very complex subject triggered by various complex factors. The failure to meet ones expectations which may have been instilled as early as childhood may bring about a wide variety of emotions leading to people committing suicide for various reasons. Depression, physical or sexual abuse, horrible disappointments, severe financial loss, mental or emotional disorders, all trigger feelings of emptiness and hopelessness and are just some of the few psychological factors which may influence an individuals final and distorted decision of committing suicide as a means to put an end to these insufferable emotions. The foregoing, however, is just a superficial analysis touching merely upon the surface of the deep-seated source of suicide. This paper will thus attempt to provide a more in depth analysis of why people commit suicide by looking primarily at the sociological factors and in particular in relation to Durkheims work. Durkheim defines suicide as a general state of extreme depression and exaggerated sadness, causing the patient no longer to realize sanely the bonds which connect him with the people and things about him -pleasures no longer attract [Durkheim,1951:63]. Durkheim further stated that man cannot become attached to higher aims and submit to a rule if he sees nothing above him to which he belongs to free him from all social pressure is to abandon him to himself and demoralize him [Durkheim,1951:110]. In Durkheims Interdiction to Suicide: A study in Sociology, Durkheim expresses his concern in developing the conduct of sociology. He sees the main problem to be that sociology is mostly constructed on philosophical overviews, and does not answer the exact social questions. he suggests a methodology that will give the science of sociology strong baselines and real results. In his book, Durkheim applies these propositions and shows how sociology should be conducted, and firmly draws conclusions that expose to us the way in which we should be able to approach the difficulties of society. This study has been presented in such a way that it is probable to assess the relevance and accuracy of its meanings and deductions. Durkheim gives the importance of sociology far more than being just a tool to fix the world, but it is a lens, through which we see reality as a shared reality, one included of individuals who are determined by their realities. In this introductory chapter he investigates the act of suicide and explores its social roots by examining suicide rates in different social classes and correlating that with the characteristics of the society . [Durkheim,1970:41] A differentiation is made between two types of suicide, positive and negative. In Durkheims words suicide is thus described as all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result [Durkheim,1986:64]. A positive performance would be to discharge or to suspend an act. In this case, death comes as a straight product of the action. A negative act would be the scenario of remaining in a burning house or to refuse eating to the point of hunger. Death in this case is the indirect result of an individuals act. Durkheim believed that the areas with the highest rates of mental illnesses and alcoholism are not necessarily the areas with the highest suicide rates , esquirol wrote that suicide may be seen to be for us only a phenomenon resulting from many different causes and appearing under many different forms ; and it is clear that this phenomenon is not characteristic of a disease.[Esquirol,1838:528] Durkheim believed that suicide is not an individual act nor a personal achievement. It is produced by some power which is over and above the individual. Durkheim studied suicide vis a vis the relationship between individuals and society affirmed that suicide is a social phenomenon as well as establishing that there are no societies in which suicide does not occur. He asserted that what most people regard as an individual act is in reality the result of the social world. The evidence supporting this view are numerous. In addition to the start differentiation made between positive and negative acts of suicide , Durkheims research concluded that the institution of marriage protects against suicide making the observation that suicide rates are higher among people that have lost their spouse and those whom are divorced.. In additional Durkheim observes that suicide rates are higher among couples who have no children than couples who do, concluding that a human being needs to be loved and have a purpose in life. People who does not experience this in their life are the ones more susceptible to suicide. [Durkheim,1951:175]. The institution of marriage may thus play a vital role in ones decision to commit suicide Whether marriage should be viewed positively in relation to suicide is however debatable. While on the one hand marriage may play a role in protecting against suicide by providing love, purpose and stability in ones life it may on the other hand be a volatile institution that once shattered may instead be an instigator of suicide Durkheim interestingly further observed that suicide rates are higher during times of peace than times of war because during war people need to be untied in defending their country [Durkheim,1951:229] This observation may therefore suggest that feelings of patriotism, honor as well as purpose tend to distant an individual from suicide. Suicide rates also tend to be higher during rapid economic changes than in economic crises as rapid economic changes are sudden and difficult to endure. [Durkheim,1951:241]This observation made by Durkheim may suggest that people are required to work harder in such economic times constantly being pushed to their limits in order to keep up to such rapid changes bringing about feelings of despair, restlessness and being under appreciated. According to Durkheims research, religion may have an affect on suicide rates. Durkheims collected data suggested that Protestants are more likely to commit suicide than Catholics, due to the fact that Protestants are more idiosyncratic while Catholics are more communitarian. [Durkheim,1951:153] In other words Catholics tend to have more social support. According to Durkheim people connecting and validating each other within a community plays an important role in preventing suicide making this kind of social integration important. Without this type of connection people may experience feelings of depression , isolation pushing them towards suicide. Durkheim, however, seemed to identify two sides a coin in relation to social integration pointing out that where social integration is high, people are more likely to commit suicide in order to avoid becoming burdens to society . Two distinct features are therefore identified by Durkheim; namely, social regulation and social integration. In tegration is described as the degree to which collective sentiments are shared and regulation refers to the degree of external constraint on people [ Ritzer,1992:90] . Based on these two social forces, four types of suicide have been proposed by Durkheim. Durkheim differentiated between four types of suicide, the first being egoistic suicide. [Durkheim,1951:152] Egoistic suicide is viewed as stemming from an absence of social integration and is committed by people who are outcast by society and are insufficiently integrated into social groups and societies, they depend more on themselves than on a group of objectives and instructions. They are not socially combined or not socially tied to a community or group. These types of individuals find themselves powerless in finding their own individual place in society and experience problems adjusting to other groups and are given little or no social care. Suicide is therefore perceived as a solution to free themselves of the loneliness or excessive individuation , this brings Durkheim points out that this type of suicide is mostly prevalent amongst those who are unmarried, widowed, divorced, have no children as well as those without any strong attachments to religious, social or community gr oups. The second type of suicide identified by Durkheim is anomic suicide. Anomic suicide is viewed by Durkheim as disillusionment and disappointment occurring when a person goes through extreme changes in wealth and is ultimately caused from a lack of social regulation. This type of suicide is most notable at times when society is rapidly changing leading to uncertainty. It is a type of suicide that stems from sudden and unexpected changes which Durkheim found mostly occurs during rapid economic changes than in economic crises. Durkheims interestingly points out that suicide is more evident in crisis that brings out disturbances in ones life rather than being attributed to poverty. [Durkheim,1951:245] Altruistic suicide is the third type of suicide that has been identified and according to Durkheim this type of suicide occurs when individuals or a group are too close and intimate ,and stems from being overly integrated into society. It is the other side of the spectrum in social integration when an individual is so well integrated into society that they choose to sacrifice their own life in order to fulfill some obligation. Altruistic suicide, being a complex concept, can further be broken down into three types: optional, acute and obligatory altruistic suicide. Optional altruistic suicide is brought about by societal pressures that may in fact be well-intentioned. This can be seen in Japan where there is a high level of suicide amongst students because of stress and high expectations from others and the constant pressured to excel at school exams. Often the accompanying stress and anxiety pushes them to commit suicide; suicide in the victims perspective becomes the answer to free dom of oppression from what society expects individuals to be Acute altruistic suicide occurs when an individual kills himself in order to save another life. For example when a fire-fighter saves a person from a burning fire but the fire-fighter dies as a result. This is an act of heroism and self-sacrifice. It could be argued that it may by flawed to categories this as a type of suicide which is mainly associated with a troublesome and stressed life when in fact such an act may be a form of righteous act Obligatory altruistic suicidal refers to a type of suicidal where respect and honor plays an important factor. For example in hind women should kill themselves in the funeral of their husbands after the death of their husbands they are not allowed to live anymore. If such a person insists on living he loses public respect; in one case the usual funeral honors are denied, in another a life of horror is supposed to await him beyond the grave. [Durkheim,1951:219] Durkheim points out that altruistic suicide is part of the collective spirit [Durkheim,1970] for example when the spirit inquires you to do something you are obliged to do so and which we therefore see in environments where society places a substantial amount of pressure and expectations on individuals which may in turn push an individual towards suicide as a means of escape. The final type of suicide is fatalistic suicide. Durkheim discussed this type briefly because it was seen as a rare phenomenon in the real world. Fatalistic suicide occurs in social conditions where an individual experiences universal persecution resulting from excessive regulation whose passions [were] violently choked by oppressive discipline [Durkheim,1970] Slavery and persecution are examples of fatalistic suicide in which an individual may feel that they are destined by fate to be in such conditions and choose suicide as the only means to escape such conditions These four types of suicide are categorized by the degree of integration and regulation of individuals in their surrounding society. According to Durkheim people commit suicide because of either too high or too low integration or regulation , Suicide is a social fact and is due to social forces. Individuals are more likely to commit suicide each time the condition of society leaves from a state of stability. Society preserves stability by integration and regulation Durkheims work has been critiqued on many grounds for example his emphasis on consensus and morality ,his positivist method and negligence of the individual as an actor , his description of suicide rates . Durkheims concept of suicide is thought to be more reinforced by argument than by fact. However, he is contributed to the growth of sociology and over a difficult theoretical framework To conclude suicide is not an individual act it is a social act. People commit suicide because they are not supported by society or they do not feel loved by their own family, if a person has no support in his life and no one to care about him than they can feel valueless and this will lead to depression which may lead to suicide , Suicide rates are correlated with how well a person is integrated into society and the degree to which society regulates individual behavior . in general suicide has some connection with social rules or standards and the individual

From the Big Four to the Mass Market :: Economics Economy Essays

From the Big Four to the Mass Market From the 1860’s to the 1920’s, the economic landscape of California shifted from a industrialist-centered production economy to a mass market consumption economy. Perhaps the best end posts for this transition are the â€Å"Big Four† of the railroad era in the 1860’s and the mass spec-ulation in oil, restate, and other industries of the 1920’s. In between, the continuous booms of Southern California provided the crucial element of the mass market economy: population. These three elements do more than demonstrate three different economic engines which drove Califor-nia’s growth, however; they also provide examples of the corruption and collusion surrounding the generation of vast amounts of money. Moreover, following the public exposure of such cor-ruption, we see in each case the government stepping in to prevent (or at least mitigate) future cor-ruption. This recurrent theme of explosive growth, the attendant corruption, and the regulation w hich follows is the underlying process behind the evolutionary development of the California economy. Growth Without question, the railroad industry was crucial to the ascension of California as an economic powerhouse. While the Gold Rush placed California on the map in the minds o America (and indeed world-wide), it remained a remote outpost accessible only by a long and expen-sive sea voyage or a long and arduous overland trek, restricting immigration and leaving California an isolated market (Rice, 255). California was destined to grow as an exportdriven economy (a pattern already established by the hide and tallow industry of Mexican California), and it was the transcontinental railroad which unlocked the rest of America as a massive market to absorb California’s richness of resources and products. Furthermore, railroads within California also connected previously isolated regions, and generally increased land values and individual incomes (Rice, 276). Oaklan d is posited by Rice as an archtypical example of urban growth due to railroad con- nectivity, with population growth from around 2000 in 1868 to 35000 in 1880 (277). Growing in more than just population, Oakland became one of the first cities wired for telephones and electricity, and became an industrial and mercantile base as business centered around the railroad terminus. Los Angeles provides a similar example of diverse economic growth due to the railroads, particularly in contradistinction to San Diego. Upon securing a railroad connection in 1872 by voting to subsidize Southern Pacific’s construction costs, it tripled from it’s 1870 population of 5,700 by 1876, when the link was actually completed. From the Big Four to the Mass Market :: Economics Economy Essays From the Big Four to the Mass Market From the 1860’s to the 1920’s, the economic landscape of California shifted from a industrialist-centered production economy to a mass market consumption economy. Perhaps the best end posts for this transition are the â€Å"Big Four† of the railroad era in the 1860’s and the mass spec-ulation in oil, restate, and other industries of the 1920’s. In between, the continuous booms of Southern California provided the crucial element of the mass market economy: population. These three elements do more than demonstrate three different economic engines which drove Califor-nia’s growth, however; they also provide examples of the corruption and collusion surrounding the generation of vast amounts of money. Moreover, following the public exposure of such cor-ruption, we see in each case the government stepping in to prevent (or at least mitigate) future cor-ruption. This recurrent theme of explosive growth, the attendant corruption, and the regulation w hich follows is the underlying process behind the evolutionary development of the California economy. Growth Without question, the railroad industry was crucial to the ascension of California as an economic powerhouse. While the Gold Rush placed California on the map in the minds o America (and indeed world-wide), it remained a remote outpost accessible only by a long and expen-sive sea voyage or a long and arduous overland trek, restricting immigration and leaving California an isolated market (Rice, 255). California was destined to grow as an exportdriven economy (a pattern already established by the hide and tallow industry of Mexican California), and it was the transcontinental railroad which unlocked the rest of America as a massive market to absorb California’s richness of resources and products. Furthermore, railroads within California also connected previously isolated regions, and generally increased land values and individual incomes (Rice, 276). Oaklan d is posited by Rice as an archtypical example of urban growth due to railroad con- nectivity, with population growth from around 2000 in 1868 to 35000 in 1880 (277). Growing in more than just population, Oakland became one of the first cities wired for telephones and electricity, and became an industrial and mercantile base as business centered around the railroad terminus. Los Angeles provides a similar example of diverse economic growth due to the railroads, particularly in contradistinction to San Diego. Upon securing a railroad connection in 1872 by voting to subsidize Southern Pacific’s construction costs, it tripled from it’s 1870 population of 5,700 by 1876, when the link was actually completed.

The The Wreck of the Medusa Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"In the moonlight’s ghostly glow, I waken in a dream. Once more upon the raft I stand, Upon the raging sea. In my ears the moans and screams Of the dying ring, Somewhere in the darkness The siren softly sings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The architects of our doom Around their tables sit, And in their thrones of power, Condemn those they’ve cast adrift. Echoes down the city street, Their Harpies laughter rings. Waiting for the curtain call, Oblivious in the wings.† Excerpt from the lyrics, â€Å"The Wake of the Medusa†, By The Pogues â€Å"The Raft of the Medusa†, by Theodore Gericault, 1819, was inspired by the catastrophic wreck of the French frigate, The Medusa, on July 2, 1816, off the west coast of Africa, during a voyage to Senagal. The ship ran aground on the Arguin Reef, in calm seas. In an attempt to preserve the lives of 400 passengers aboard, the crew, soldiers, sailors and passengers built a raft, manned the lifeboats and the raft, and abandoned the Medusa. What followed was a most harrowing experience that would challenge the soul and condemn the government of a world power. In 1816 the newly formed French government sent a small fleet of ships to the British port of Saint-Louis, Senegal, carrying the appointed French Governor, Colonel Julien-Desire Schmaltz and his wife, for the formal return of the colony to France. The fleet consisted of four ships, The Argus, The Loire, The Medusa and The Echo. The Medusa was to transport the governor along with 400 passengers, to re-establish the colony. Soon after departing the Port de Rochefort on June 17, 1816, the Medusa, piloted by an inexperienced captain, Hugues Duroy De Chaumereys, sailed quickly away from the rest of the fleet, leaving The Medusa, her crew and passengers to the mercy of the Atlantic. De Chaumereys, an incompetent sea captain, achieved his high ranking position due to political influences, and affiliation to the French Ministry of the Marine. He had prior experience as a customs officer for more than 20 years, and served against Napoleon, gaining him favor of the new Bourbon government, and disfavor among the crew. He resisted the advice of subordinate officers and the personal experiences of more seasoned sailors and caused the wreck of the Medusa on the Arguin Bank. De Chaumereys attempted to save the Medusa by lightening her load and discarding precious cargo designated for the Senegalese colony, into t... ... in the control of a less than qualified captain, and thus jeopardized the entire fleet, the crew and the contents designed for the colony at Senegal. A cover-up was affected, and Captain De Chaumereys was the person deemed liable and summarily court martialed, ruining his naval career. According to Savigny and Correard, â€Å"†¦men decorated with ribbons of all colors, who counted very well the number of their ancestors, but of whom it would have been useless to ask an account of their studies, being called to superior commands, have not been able to show anything but their orders and their unskilfulness. They have done more, they have had the privilege of losing the vessels and people of the State, without its being possible for the laws to reach them; and after all, how could a tribunal have condemned them? They might have replied to their judges, that they had not passed their time in studying the regulations of the service, or the laws of the marine, and that, if they had failed, it was without knowledge or design. In fact, it would be difficult to suppose that they intended to their own destruction: they have but too well proved that they knew how to provide for their own safety.†

Saving Sourdi Summary Essay

Analysis character †Nea of Saving Sourdi† by May-Lee Chai â€Å"Saving Sourdi† by May-Lee Chai, theme discusses a classic plot of the metamorphosis from childhood to adulthood. In her story, the two main characters Sourdi and Nea develop in stark contrast to one another. Nea, the younger sister, has difficulty growing up and maturing as her own life, as well as her sister’s life, progresses. Her naivety, aggression, and anxiety influence her decisions throughout the story in a negative way. Chai’s character is easily believable and relatable, everyone has had a point in their lives where they didn’t want to grow up, handled a situation poorly, or realized that their relationship with someone has changed drastically to the point of no repair. Nea, the protagonist in â€Å"Saving Sourdi†, is a tragic hero. We experience her attempts at protecting her sister and watch as they fail time and time again. Nea is a flat and static character. Throughout the story she does not change, she remains childish in her act ions and decisions. Their mother addresses this issue early on by saying, â€Å"You not thinking. That your problem. You always not think!† (Chai 70) Chai does not show us another side to Nea making her a flat character. We see her in the same light despite the life lessons she experiences in this short story. Nea is the same drastic, hardheaded child in the beginning as she is in the end. Growing and maturing is crucial in life. Some people, however, suffer from a sort of Peter Pan Syndrome. Nea can be described as an impulsive, strong-willed, and selfish adolescent who will never truly grow up. The family has never had it easy, always having to work and tolerate prejudice due to their foreign culture. Nea was forced to become a fighter early on no matter the situation. If she was a mature character, she could distinguish between when it was most sensible to simply avoid confrontation and back down. Nea is extremely protective of Sourdi. Her desire to fend for her â€Å"China Doll† sister (69) is the stem of all her decisions throughout the story. Sourdi is the prettier and more desirable sister. Chai highlights the incongruity of the sisters’ looks by solely depicting Sourdi’s beauty. By depicting Sourdi  as a China Doll so early in the story when the two men are harassing her in the family’s restaurant, Chai sets us up to believe that she needs defending and isn’t strong enough to do it herself. Nea thoroughly believes that is her role in life. As the plot progresses, however, it is easy to see that Sourdi is in fact quite strong and unbreakable. As Nea interacts with the other characters, she is always brash and rarely takes the time to understand their side of a situation. In many cases, she lies to manipulate people and her situation to achieve her selfish goals. Nea fakes her remorse about attacking the customer just to please her sister: â€Å"I was glad I’d stabbed that man. I was only crying because life was so unfair.† (72) When Nea needs to find a way to Sourdi’s home she lies to Duke about the severity of the situation because she knows deep down that it is not as bad as she wants to believe. If Sourdi was in trouble, it would ultimately mean that Nea could get her sister back. Nea fabricates this story to make up for the loss she felt when Sourdi moved on and abandoned her. She would rather believe that it was someone else who caused her sister to mature and move on than to believe it was her own fault or that it was Sourdi’s choice. â€Å"I would stay awake all night pinching the inside of Sourdi’s arm, the soft flesh of her thigh, to keep my sister from falling asleep and leaving me alone.† (72) Although her overall purpose at a glance is for Sourdi’s safety, her true ambition is wanting to keep her sister all to herself. During the story, May Lee Chai Saving Sourdi paints a picture of two extremely close sisters who have been put to the test. The pair has been relocated, put to work, and expected to mature quickly in their harsh new world. Nea is the narrator of the story, and she shares: â€Å"We used to say that we’d run away, Sourdi and me.† (72) The sisters would whisper their secrets back and forth at night, and lock themselves in the bathroom together and hide away together. As children the girls were inseparable but soon the age difference comes between them. Sourdi finds comforts in her first romance with a dishwasher, Duke, and slowly but surely Nea is left by the wayside. This distance is increased when Mr. Chhay is introduced and Nea quickly realizes that her sister is being severed from her life: â€Å"It was the beginning of the end. I should have fought harder then. I should have stabbed this man, too.† (75) In America, everyone is supposed to be equal. People are s upposed to be able to have the â€Å"American Dream† and have a successful career as well as support  a family without any trouble despite race, age, gender, or any other factors. In Ma and Sourdi’s eyes, however, they have seen their traditional culture and are still tied to those beliefs instead. Nea is much more Americanized than the other two women. Ma works very hard to support her children and in an effort to give Sourdi a better life, she makes sure she marries someone who can support her financially instead of someone like Duke who may not be as financially successful. Although she is unhappy, Sourdi understands her role and obeys her elders. Nea, who has been exposed to mostly American culture with little memories of their true roots does not understand this arrangement. As a result, she acts out and rebels against her entire family. The climax of the story occurs when Nea makes a daring attempt at saving her sister’s life. Nea’s irresponsible actions lead to an awkward situation for everyone. Nea refuses to believe that Sourdi is simply a busy woman with a child and a home to care for and immediately jumps to the conclusion that her husband is hurting her in some way. Her over active imagination gets her into trouble. She leaves home without telling her mother, lies to Duke about her true ambitions, blames Mr. Chhay for something he did not do, and creates a huge conflict over a slightly distraught phone call from Sourdi. The moment when Duke punches Mr. Chhay is the cultivation of Nea’s ill thought out plan crumbling before her eyes. Her immaturity caused an easily avoidable confrontation. Near the very end of the story, Chai shares Nea’s insight on her situation. â€Å"Sourdi looked at me then, so disappointed. I knew what she was thinking. She has grown up, and I had merely grown unworthy of her love.† (83) Nea finally realized she was being foolish the whole time. Chai’s protagonist in â€Å"Saving Sourdi†, Nea, is naà ¯ve, impulsive, and brash. She is unchanging and narrow-minded. Nea’s journey seems solely based on saving her sister when in actuality she is trying to find excuses to avoid growing up. The tragic hero fabricates false dangers to compensate her desire to be needed by her sister who has moved on with her life. Nea feels abandoned becausen Sourdi matures while she remains a child. Ma and Sourdi remain connected with traditional customs that Nea simply cannot understand due to her exposure to American culture. Her over active imagination, anxiety, and aggression get her into trouble. When Nea tries to rescue Sourdi from her husband, it is the last straw and she knows that she has lost her dear older sister for good. â€Å"She had made her choice,  and she hadn’t chosen me.† (84) Sourdi has matured and moved on while Nea is stuck in the memories of her childhood. Works Cited Chai, May-Lee. Dragon Chica: a Novel. Boston, Gemma, 2011. Fichter, M. M. et al. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa in Greek and Turkish Adolescents.† European Archives of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, vol. 237, no. 4, 1988, pp. 200–208.

Technology and environment

The advent of technology and industrialization has brought about tremendous changes in the lives of the people around the world. Innovations in science enabled humans to comprehend the various phenomena that occur in their natural environment. It cannot be denied that technology in all its forms has made our lives comfortable and our work easier, efficient and timely. However, the drastic changes in our environment that are now far-reaching and well-studied are very alarming. Take for example global warming, which is one of the major problem that people around the world need to mitigate the soonest possible time, is actually an offshoot of technological advances. With the growing concern for the gradually depletion of natural resources, as well as the fast-paced destruction of the earth, people are now debating over the negative impacts of technology to both human lives and the natural environment. This debate has resulted into the so called technological optimists and technological pessimists divide.According to Chasek, Downie, Brow (2006), technological optimism refers to people’s view that technology can harness our human capacities and also advance our development to a never-ending point. Technological optimism maintain that technology contributes a lot in the swift development of all aspects of human lives – social, economic, political, biological and even environmental aspects. Optimists assumed that technology will never cease to discover new innovations to cater to the needs of the times.Elliott (2004) on the other hand, presented the view of technological pessimists with reference to the negative impacts of science and technology to our natural environment. The advent of climate change has strengthened the point of debate in favor to the pessimists, claiming that climate change has been the greatest threat of technology to human lives. Technological pessimists assume that there has always been a limit to growth and development. Technologi cal pessimists argue that technology has been the major cause of global problems such as pollution and depletion of natural resource because of technology’s ability to harness people’s capacity to go beyond what they need.Both optimists and pessimists have something to say on the issue of technological advancement. Both have made justifications to prove that they are right. Clapp and Dauvergne (2005) provided several point on which to base the assumptions of the two technological perspectives. On the part of the optimists, environmental problems can be solved by inventing the latest technology that could solve the present global environmental crisis. Take for example the enhancement of nuclear power as source of energy. It can provide people with the energy they need for generations and it can help mitigate the increasing pollution in the atmosphere. Another example that could justify the views of the optimists according to Clapp and Dauvergne (2005) is the advent of t he World Wide Web or the internet. It made people’s lives easier and sharing of information has become too efficient and easy to access.The pessimists on the other hand justify their views with reference to the negative impacts that technology has caused the environment. The degradation of our natural resources has been greatly blamed on the massive industrialization brought about by technology. Another classic example is the transfer of agricultural technology to other countries, but proved to be futile because those technologies were not applicable to the situation of other countries. Clapp and Dauvergne (2005) added that technological pessimists maintained that development has a limit so as to preserve what has been left on the face of the planet earth.ReferencesChasek, P.S., Downie, D. and Brow, J. W. (2006). Global environmental politics. Boulder:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Westview Press.Clapp, J. and Dauvergne, P.   (2005). Paths to a green world: The polit ical economy of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   global environment. Cambridge: MIT Press.Elliott, L. (2004). The global politics of the environment. New York: NYU Press.

Migration from 1750-1900

During the time between 1750 and 1900, there were a lot of changes happening in countries. This period of time was called the Industrial Revolution. In the Industrial Revolution, people were moving around a lot. People moved from one country to another hoping that they could find a better way to live life. There were also people who were forced to leave their country because of a crime. The main reason why people moved was because they wanted to find work. A lot of urbanization was happening in the Industrial Revolution, and this caused many people just moved from the countryside to growing industrial cities. Others moved from Britain to another or from a different country into Britain. There was a big population increase due to the urbanization in Britain. Fast developing iron, coal and textile industries were creating new work. New work meant that more workers were needed, and so more people needed a place to live. However, during the 1830s and 1840, the number of people leaving Britain increased rapidly. These people moved for either the US or for parts of the British Empire. During these years, many people suffered from low wages and unemployment and high bread prices, which caused many people to starve. In 1837, some poor people from the village of Besthorpe wrote a letter saying that they wanted to move out of Britain. The main reasons were starvation and poverty. They said that they knew things couldn’t be worse somewhere else, and that they couldn’t be worse off than they already were. The letter also said that there were farmers who were able to work, but couldn’t get employed. This showed that the cities were probably a bit over populated, and therefore, there were too many people to employ for work in factories. Despite the fact that people were moving out of Britain, there were still many people who decided to come to Britain, like the Jews and the Irish. The Great Irish Famine forced a lot of the Irish to leave. By 1851, over a million Irish people had emigrated to the US. There was so much going on during the time between 1750 and 1900, things were starting to develop quicker, and things were starting to change. When people moved from place to place, ideas were also spread around to different parts of the world. This is what made our world so well developed throughout these years.

Systems Upgrade for an Accounting Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Systems Upgrade for an Accounting Firm - Essay Example Hardware Requirements of ComputersWith respect to the accounting firm in subject, it is undeniable that the smaller firm use old computer systems in conducting their accounting practices. Use of circa 2005 models and Windows XP indicates that the small firm misses out on opportunity cost and convenience associated with new systems in the market. At this juncture, the essay will evaluate on the hardware needs of the small firm in terms of recommended computer models. In their earlier research, Kenneth, James and Mansfield (2012) found out that Mac computers feature as the leading products in terms of superiority, quality and reliability In order to upgrade the accounting firm, every employee will have to work with a Mac desktop computer. Since Mac computers possess different hardware specifications, it will be appropriate to select a model that not only possess the requisite features but also budget friendly. In this context, I would recommend model A1347 Apple Mac Mini Desktop for ev ery employee within the marketing department. On the other hand, auditors, ticket agents and accountants would work well with model A3870. Currently, the A1347 model retails at $390 while the A3870 goes for $25 and all prices are inclusive of shipping charges.Choice of each model depends on functionality requirements and professional purpose of the departmental computers. Conventionally, functional requirements for the marketing department differ considerably from those of the auditing or accounting departments.